Hydraulic pumps are very simple and they have many uses. Their basic design is a piston in a cylinder that exerts pressure on an incompressible liquid (usually oil), and the force is transmitted to another piston which will do something useful for you. The force is usually multiplied in the process, therefore the second piston can achieve much more than the first. To add force multiplication, the relative size of the pistons is increased.
The oil needs to be free from air bubbles because if a piston is used when bubbles are present, much of the force is wasted compressing those bubbles rather than driving the second piston which is hardly an efficient way to go about things. Most pump failures are because of oil contamination of one sort or another. The oil reservoirs should be made from stainless steel or aluminium to prevent corrosion and reduce the chance of oil contamination.
The pipe containing the oil can be all sorts of lengths and shapes in a hydraulic pump which is very useful because they can be used in almost any system design. The pipes can also be branched so that the master piston drives two or more slaves.
You may not know it but you probably own a hydraulic pump. Cars use them for the braking system. When you push down on the brake pedal it pushes two master cylinder pistons which each drive two slave pistons (there's one at each wheel). These in turn press the brake pads against the brake rotor to stop your vehicle. The reason for two cylinders each driving a pair of cylinders as opposed to one cylinder driving four is in case there is a problem with a master cylinder - in this case if you only have the one, you cannot stop the car because all of your brake pads will then be ineffectual.
Some hydraulic pumps are manual and some are powered by electricity, compressed air or petrol. Manual hydraulic pumps are great because they have portability because they don't need an additional power supply. They are perfect for occasional tasks but they do lack the power and speed of powered pumps. They are also labour intensive.
Electric and pneumatic pumps are both good when the required power source is to hand. They will get more done in a quicker time than a manual hydraulic pump but the downside is their cost and the fact that they have to be powered by air or electricity and so the supply must be near to hand.
Petrol pumps are good for situations where a manual pump is not powerful enough and where the constraints of a pneumatic or electric pump don't allow for use in remote places.
Hydraulic pumps have all sorts of uses but if you find that you need to buy one yourself, make sure that you do your research and get the right one.
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